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新航道名師分享SAT寫作中“metaphor”的修辭效果

2017/4/27 17:50:04來源：互聯網作者：上海新航道

雅思/托福/國際備考寒假班

新航道雅思/托福/TOEFL Junior/.免費代報名！

新航道SAT培訓;助力SAT考試。。。

摘要：

A metaphor makes a hidden comparison between two things or objects that are dissimilar to each other but have some characteristics common between them.

什么是比喻(metaphor)

比喻就是“隱性地”比較兩個不同事物的相似特征。比如老莎(莎士比亞)曾經就對這個世界做了一個很微妙的比喻，原句是這樣的：

“All the world’s a stage and men and women merely players.”

世界就是一個舞臺，人僅僅是這個舞臺上的演員而已。

比喻常見的修辭效果是什么?

1) 煽動情緒

…appeals directly to the senses of listeners or readers

2) 便于理解

…sharpens their imaginations to comprehend what is being communicated to them.

3) 增強視覺化效果

…adds visual intensity to…

常用句型如下：

What the author does?

● Metaphor is applied to…

● The “…” metaphor is a stylistic device that

● This metaphor…

Why he or she does it?

● …serves the purpose to make the ...ungrounded 2)…adds visual intensity to…

● …helps to dismiss…

● This helps the reader understand the complexities of…

What effect this is likely to have on readers?

● …making the audience condemn…

● Any reader who has …cannot tolerate such …

● …create a sense that…

如何用3W原則

對metaphor展開深度分析?

如何使用3W原則來分析一篇議論文中的metaphor呢，我們一起看個例子吧~

原文

Standing on the coastal plain, I was saddened to think of the tragedy that might occur if this great wilderness was consumed by a web of roads and pipelines, drilling rigs and industrial facilities. ( 原文選自：Foreword to Arctic National Wildlife Refuge)

分析

He describes the potential destruction with an image suggestive of a predator that traps its prey in a web and then consumes it. The “web” metaphor is a stylistic device that dehumanizes the oil drilling industry. This reinforces his point that the destruction would be total and permanent. (范文摘自《新SAT寫作官方題庫與范文》中國出版集團中譯出版社)

原文如何體現3W原則

首先范文準確的描述了原文作者在此處使用了一個比喻的寫作手法(a “web” metaphor)，將公路、石油管道比喻成一張能夠吞噬保護區的網。

緊接著，分析了這一手法的修辭效果(dehumanizes, reinforces his point…) 即通過這一比喻，讓讀者覺得開發野生保護區是沒有人性的，從而加強了自己的論點。